Research during this interval concentrated on thermochemical conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals, prioritizing pyrolysis and gasification while addressing feedstock variability, reactor design, and process integration for scalability. Breakthrough demonstrations of continuous atmospheric-pressure flash pyrolysis and essential insights from molecular characterization of biomass pyrolysis spurred development of later fast-pyrolysis concepts and practical kinetic modeling frameworks. Broad methodological trends favored linking experimental observations with modeling and process-oriented evaluation to guide engineering design.